New Materials

The production of new materials, such as Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP), Lithium Carbonate, and Graphene, requires Ultrapure Water (UPW) as the mixing solution. The terminal water quality must reach a resistivity of ≥15 MΩ·cm (at 25°C) or higher.

Indicators LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate) Lithium Carbonate Graphene
Conductivity ≤ 1 μS/cm ≤ 0.5 μS/cm ≤ 0.1 μS/cm
Water Grade Purified Water High-Purity Water Ultrapure Water (UPW)
Critical Impurities Fe²⁺, Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻ Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺ Metal Ions, Particles
TOC Requirement Low / General Moderate Strict (< 50 ppb)
Particle Specs General Moderate Strict (< 0.1 μm)

The Challenge: Contamination in Battery Chemistry

In the production of Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) and Lithium Carbonate, water is the primary solvent for mixing and synthesis. Even trace impurities can lead to catastrophic battery failure.

  • Electrochemical Instability: Trace metal ions (like Fe, Cu, or Zn) in water can cause internal short circuits and significantly reduce battery cycle life.
  • Lattice Defects: Silicates and organic carbon (TOC) interfere with the crystal growth of cathode materials, leading to lower energy density.
  • Yield Loss: Inconsistent resistivity during the washing and slurry phases results in high batch rejection rates and wasted raw materials.

The Conclusion

“The evolution of EV battery technology demands extreme chemical precision. Achieving a consistent terminal water quality of ≥15 MΩ·cm (25℃) is no longer optional—it is the baseline for safety, high capacity, and market competitiveness.”

Our Solution: Advanced UPW Process for New Energy

Our specialized Ultrapure Water (UPW) systems utilize a multi-stage approach to meet the rigorous demands of LFP, Graphene, and Carbonate production.

  • Double-Pass RO + EDI: Eliminates 99.9% of ionic contaminants to reach Resistivity ≥15-18 MΩ·cm.
  • Total Organic Carbon (TOC) Reduction: Integrated UV oxidation modules ensure TOC levels remain below 10 ppb to prevent interference with chemical synthesis.
  • Non-Leaching Materials: Use of high-purity PVDF or SS316L mirror-polished piping prevents secondary ionic leaching during transport.

Understood. Since your website is aimed at an international audience, maintaining a consistent, high-level English technical style is crucial. Here is the professional content for Lithium Carbonate manufacturing in English, following your established layout:

Lithium Carbonate (Li₂CO₃) Purification: Ultrapure Water Solutions

The Challenge: Impact of Impurities on Battery-Grade Lithium

During the extraction and refining of Lithium Carbonate from brine or ore, the purification process is exceptionally sensitive to water quality. Even microscopic ionic contamination can degrade product purity and compromise downstream battery performance.

  • Ionic Contamination & Purity Loss: Metallic ions such as Sodium (Na), Magnesium (Mg), and Calcium (Ca) in the water can embed into the Lithium Carbonate crystal lattice, making it impossible to reach the “Battery-Grade” standard of 99.5% purity.
  • Washing Process Inefficiency: If the conductivity of the washing water is too high, it fails to remove impurities from the crude product and instead introduces new contaminants, leading to a sharp decline in production yield.
  • Solubility & pH Fluctuations: Instability in water parameters (such as pH or hardness) affects the precipitation balance of Lithium Carbonate, resulting in inconsistent particle size distribution.

The Conclusion

“Refining battery-grade Lithium Carbonate is a process dictated by environmental purity. Utilizing ultrapure water with a resistivity of ≥15 MΩ·cm (25°C) is the fundamental safeguard for elevating products from industrial grade to high-purity battery grade.”

Our Solution: Optimized UPW Systems for Lithium Salt Refining

Our ultrapure water solutions are specifically engineered to handle the high-throughput and high-precision requirements of lithium salt production facilities.

  • High-Performance EDI Modules: Stable delivery of 15-18 MΩ·cm ultrapure water via Continuous Electrodeionization (CEDI), ensuring the complete removal of trace metallic cations that affect battery stability.
  • Advanced Silica & Boron Removal: Specialized membrane configurations designed to intercept Silica and Boron, preventing them from being trapped within the lithium crystals during the final precipitation stage.
  • Automated Real-Time Monitoring: Integrated PLC systems provide 24/7 monitoring of resistivity, pH, and ORP, ensuring every washing batch meets exact technical specifications and eliminating human error risks.

To complete your suite of advanced materials solutions, here is the professional English content for Graphene manufacturing. Graphene production is unique because it requires extreme precision in Total Organic Carbon (TOC) control and particle filtration to maintain the integrity of the carbon monolayers.

Graphene & Nanomaterial Production: Ultrapure Water Solutions

The Challenge: Nanoscale Interference and TOC Sensitivity

Graphene production, particularly through chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or liquid-phase exfoliation, demands water purity that exceeds standard industrial grades. At the nanoscale, even molecular-level impurities act as structural disruptors.

  • Organic Carbon (TOC) Interference: Residual organic compounds can bond with the graphene surface during synthesis, causing lattice defects and significantly reducing electrical conductivity.
  • Particle-Induced Defects: Suspended solids or colloidal silica can act as “seeds” for uneven flake growth, leading to structural irregularities in the monolayer.
  • Oxidation Risks: Dissolved oxygen and trace reactive ions in the washing water can lead to unwanted graphene oxide formation when pure graphene is the desired output.

The Conclusion

“Graphene is the frontier of material science, where water quality is measured not just in resistivity, but in the absence of organic molecules. A terminal water quality of ≥15 MΩ·cm (25°C) with TOC < 10 ppb is essential for achieving high-mobility electronic-grade graphene.”

Our Solution: High-Precision UPW Systems for Nanomaterials

Our specialized systems for graphene manufacturing go beyond deionization, focusing on deep organic removal and absolute particle control.

  • 185nm UV Oxidation: Specialized UV modules designed to break down trace organic molecules, ensuring Total Organic Carbon (TOC) levels meet the stringent requirements of nanotechnology.
  • Sub-Micron Ultrafiltration (UF): Terminal filtration stages that remove particles down to 0.05 microns, ensuring a “blank canvas” for the synthesis of graphene flakes.
  • Vacuum Degasification: Optional modules to remove dissolved oxygen (DO), preventing premature oxidation of carbon nanomaterials during the liquid-phase processing stage.
LFP — Pure Water System

Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) — Process Pure Water System

Battery Grade · Synthesis / Electrode Washing / Slurry Preparation

GRADE: PURE WATER · CONDUCTIVITY ≤ 1 μS/cm · Fe²⁺ < 0.01 mg/L
PRE-TREATMENT RO DESALINATION POLISHING DISTRIBUTION / USE POINTS RAW WATER Municipal/Well MULTI-MEDIA FILTER SDI ≤ 5 · Turbidity ≤ 1 NTU ⚑ Removes Fe/Mn particles ACTIVE CARBON FILTER Cl₂ ≤ 0.1 mg/L · Organics Protects RO membrane Ca²⁺→Na⁺ Ion Exchange SOFTENER Hardness ≈ 0 Na-form resin SECURITY FILTER 5 μm Cartridge Pre-RO protection HIGH PRESSURE Pump · 10–15 bar + Antiscalant 1st STAGE RO Rejection ≥ 97% · Removes Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻, Fe²⁺, heavy metals Permeate conductivity ~5–15 μS/cm CONCENTRATE / DRAIN RO PRODUCT TANK ~5–15 μS/cm buffer storage BOOSTER PUMP To polishing unit H⁺ OH⁻ H⁺ OH⁻ MIXED BED POLISHER Final conductivity ≤ 1 μS/cm Removes residual Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻, Na⁺ ⚠ Critical: Fe²⁺ < 0.01 mg/L (LFP-specific) Fe contamination causes irreversible capacity fade in LFP cells FINAL FILTER 0.2 μm Absolute N₂ N₂ sealed PURE WATER TANK ≤ 1 μS/cm · Fe²⁺ < 0.01 mg/L DISTRIBUTION PUMP Point-of-use delivery LFP SYNTHESIS FePO₄ + Li₂CO₃ + H₂O reaction Fe²⁺ < 0.01 mg/L · Cl⁻ < 1 mg/L SO₄²⁻ < 1 mg/L · pH 6–8 Mixing / Coprecipitation ELECTRODE WASHING Post-sintering wash Cond. ≤ 1 μS/cm Particle-free · pH 6.5–7.5 Removes excess Li salts SLURRY / COATING NMP solvent + LFP slurry TOC < 500 ppb No particles > 0.2 μm Cathode slurry preparation WATER QUALITY LFP PROCESS STANDARD Conductivity ≤ 1 μS/cm Fe²⁺ (CRITICAL) < 0.01 mg/L Cl⁻ < 1 mg/L SO₄²⁻ < 1 mg/L Na⁺ < 0.5 mg/L TOC < 500 ppb Particles < 0.2 μm pH 6.5–7.5 ★★☆☆☆ COMPLEXITY Grade: Pure Water Single-stage RO sufficient + Mixed Bed polishing KEY CONCERN Fe²⁺ dissolves into electrolyte → deposits on anode → capacity fade Softener Na⁺ leak must also be controlled
Main Process Flow
Concentrate / Reject
Chemical Dosing
Use Points
Lithium Carbonate — Pure Water System

Lithium Carbonate (Li₂CO₃) — Process High-Purity Water System

Battery Grade · Purification / Crystallization / Washing Process Water

GRADE: HIGH-PURITY WATER · CONDUCTIVITY ≤ 0.5 μS/cm · Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺ ≈ 0
PRE-TREATMENT 1st STAGE RO 2nd STAGE RO EDI POLISHING DISTRIBUTION / USE POINTS RAW WATER Municipal/Well MULTI-MEDIA FILTER SDI ≤ 5 · Turbidity ≤ 1 NTU Quartz + Anthracite ACTIVE CARBON Cl₂ ≤ 0.1 mg/L Organics removal SECURITY FILTER 5 μm Cartridge Pre-RO guard HP PUMP 1 10–15 bar + Antiscalant · pH adj. 1st STAGE RO Rejection ≥ 97% · Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺ removal Permeate ~10–30 μS/cm CONCENTRATE / DRAIN 1RO PRODUCT TANK ~10–30 μS/cm buffer HP PUMP 2 For 2nd stage RO 2nd STAGE RO Rejection ≥ 99% · Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺ ≈ 0 · Na⁺ < 0.05 mg/L ⚠ Critical: prevents CaCO₃/MgCO₃ precipitation in Li₂CO₃ product CONCENTRATE / DRAIN 2RO PRODUCT TANK ~0.5–2 μS/cm EDI FEED PUMP Constant flow control PRECISION Filter 0.2 μm + − + EDI DEVICE Electrodeionization Outlet ≤ 0.5 μS/cm Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺ ≈ 0 Conc. waste → drain N₂ in N₂ blanket N₂-SEALED PRODUCT TANK ≤ 0.5 μS/cm · CO₂-free DISTRIBUTION PUMP Point-of-use delivery Li₂CO₃ PURIFICATION Dissolving / Recrystallization Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺ ≈ 0 (critical) Na⁺ < 0.05 mg/L Prevents CaCO₃ contamination CRYSTAL WASHING Post-crystallization rinse Cond. ≤ 0.5 μS/cm Removes surface impurities Final purity: battery grade ≥99.5% ELECTROLYTE PREP LiPF₆ solution preparation Cond. ≤ 0.5 μS/cm Strict ion control Water activity critical WATER QUALITY Li₂CO₃ PROCESS STANDARD Conductivity ≤ 0.5 μS/cm Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺ (CRITICAL) ≈ 0 Na⁺ < 0.05 mg/L Cl⁻ < 0.5 mg/L SO₄²⁻ < 0.5 mg/L TOC < 200 ppb CO₂ (dissolved) < 0.5 mg/L Particles < 0.2 μm ★★★☆☆ COMPLEXITY Grade: High-Purity Water 2-stage RO + EDI required N₂ sealed storage KEY CONCERN Ca²⁺ + CO₃²⁻ → CaCO₃↓ contaminates Li₂CO₃ crystal → product purity failure CO₂ absorption from air also causes precipitation → N₂ sealed tank essential
Main Process Flow
Concentrate / Reject
Chemical Dosing
Use Points
Graphene — Ultrapure Water System

Graphene Production — Ultrapure Water System

Electronic Grade · CVD Substrate Cleaning / Chemical Exfoliation / Dispersion

GRADE: ULTRAPURE WATER · ≤ 0.1 μS/cm · TOC < 50 ppb · PARTICLES < 0.05 μm
PRE-TREATMENT 1st STAGE RO 2nd STAGE RO + UV EDI + POLISH UF + FINAL USE POINTS RAW WATER Municipal/DI source MULTI-MEDIA FILTER SDI ≤ 3 · Turbidity ≤ 0.5 Stricter than LFP/Li₂CO₃ UV PRE-TREATMENT 185nm · TOC oxidation ACTIVE CARBON Cl₂ ≤ 0.05 mg/L TOC pre-reduction SECURITY FILTER 1 μm Cartridge Finer than LFP HP PUMP 1 10–15 bar + Antiscalant 1st STAGE RO Rejection ≥ 98% · Permeate ~5–10 μS/cm Removes bulk ions, organics, particles CONCENTRATE / DRAIN 1RO PRODUCT TANK ~5–10 μS/cm HP PUMP 2 For 2nd stage 2nd STAGE RO Rejection ≥ 99.5% · ~0.1–0.5 μS/cm All metal ions ppb level CONCENTRATE / DRAIN 2RO PRODUCT TANK ~0.1–0.5 μS/cm UV / TOC OXIDATION 185 nm · TOC → CO₂ + H₂O Target TOC < 50 ppb EDI FEED PUMP Constant flow PRECISION FILTER 0.2 μm · Pre-EDI Protects EDI stack + − + EDI DEVICE Outlet ≥ 15 MΩ·cm (≤ 0.067 μS/cm) All ions ppb level Conc. waste → drain H⁺ OH⁻ H⁺ OH⁻ MIXED BED POLISHER ≥ 18 MΩ·cm Graphene-specific! Not needed for LFP/Li₂CO₃ N₂ N₂ sealed POLISHED WATER TANK ≥ 18 MΩ·cm · TOC < 50 ppb DISTRIBUTION Pump ULTRAFILTRATION UF · 0.01–0.02 μm Removes colloids, bacteria Graphene-specific step! Not in LFP / Li₂CO₃ TERMINAL FILTER 0.05 μm Absolute Point-of-use final step Particles < 50 nm guaranteed CVD SUBSTRATE CLEAN Cu foil / SiO₂ cleaning Resistivity ≥ 18 MΩ·cm Particles < 0.05 μm Most critical use point CHEMICAL EXFOLIATION Graphite oxidation / reduction TOC < 50 ppb Metal ions < 0.01 μg/L Hummers method wash GRAPHENE DISPERSION Aqueous ink preparation No metallic contamination Resistivity ≥ 18 MΩ·cm Thin-film electronics WATER QUALITY GRAPHENE PROCESS STANDARD Resistivity ≥ 18 MΩ·cm Conductivity ≤ 0.056 μS/cm TOC (CRITICAL) < 50 ppb Particles > 0.05μm < 1 /mL Bacteria < 1 CFU/mL Metal ions total < 0.01 μg/L Na⁺ < 0.01 μg/L SiO₂ < 5 μg/L DO < 50 μg/L ★★★★★ COMPLEXITY Grade: Ultrapure Water = Semiconductor grade EXTRA STEPS vs LFP/Li₂CO₃ ① UV pre-treatment (TOC) ② UV/185nm after 2nd RO ③ Mixed bed polishing ④ Ultrafiltration (UF) ⑤ Terminal 0.05μm filter KEY CONCERN Any organic contamination disrupts graphene lattice formation; metal ions alter electronic properties Most expensive system ~3–5x cost of LFP system
Main Process Flow
Concentrate / Reject
Chemical Dosing
UV / TOC Treatment
Use Points

Pure Water No.1 is a premier ultrapure water equipment manufacturer dedicated to supporting Design Firms and EPCs with cutting-edge water treatment solutions. We bridge the gap between complex engineering requirements and sustainable industrial performance.

Resources

Projects & Case Studies

Technical Documentation

Spare Parts & Consumables

About Our Factory

News & Insights

Solution：
  • Ultrapure Water Systems (UPW)
  • EDI & Ion Exchange Systems
  • Reverse Osmosis (RO) Technology
  • Industrial Wastewater Recycling
  • Modular Water Treatment Plants

Contact Us

📍14/F, Bldg C, Taohuayuan Innovation Park, Songgang, Baoan, Shenzhen, China

📞 +86 18682228371

📧 sales1@purewaterno1.com

🌐 https://www.purewaterno1.com

Pure Water No.1 is a premier ultrapure water equipment manufacturer supporting Design Firms and EPCs with cutting-edge solutions.

Resources

Solution

Contact Us

© 2002-2026 SHENZHEN PURE WATER NO. 1 TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED